Knowledge
Signals, historical records and the conditions needed to reconstruct an operating event.
Instrumentation and data 2 min
A historian stores values and timestamps. It does not necessarily store the operating regime, instrument condition, disturbances, manual actions or constraints that explain those values.
Instrumentation and data 3 min
A signal can respond to process variations and maintain a reasonable appearance while the instrument's physical condition changes slowly. Build-up, drift, loss of calibration or an installation condition can shift…
Instrumentation and data 4 min
No single technology measures the entire phenomenon. A manual or automated test characterises a sample under defined conditions. Online instruments observe process variables such as bed, inventory, density, flow or…
Instrumentation and data 2 min
A signal shows one part of the process response. Explaining a decision requires reconstructing what changed, how the system responded, which action was taken and which effect appeared afterwards.
